Cheap Vitatrol Mega-Vitamin 120ct by Foundation Nutriceuticals

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Vitamins are nutrients required in very small amounts for essential metabolic reactions in the body. The term vitamin does not encompass other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids. Nor does the term refer to the large number of other nutrients that promote health, but are not strictly essential.

Vitamins act both as catalysts and substrates in chemical reactions. When acting as a catalyst, vitamins are bound to enzymes and are called cofactors, for example vitamin K forms part of the proteases involved in blood clotting. Vitamins also act as coenzymes to carry chemical groups between enzymes, for example folic acid carries various forms of carbon groups (methyl, formyl or methylene) in the cell.

Until the 1900's, vitamins were obtained solely through food intake. Many food sources contain different ratios of vitamins. Therefore, if the only source of vitamins is food, a seasonal, yearly or even daily change in diet also alters the ratio of ingested vitamins. Many vitamins can be stored by the body over a range of dosages and short term deficiencies (e.g. during a particular food growing season), do not always result in disease.


Vitamins have been produced as commodity chemicals and made widely available as inexpensive pills for several decades allowing for consistent supplementation to dietary intake.


Serving Size 4 capsules Servings Per Container: 30


Vitamins/Antioxidants %DV
Vitamin A 5000 i.u. ...............................100
Vitamin D 200 i.u. ................................50
Vitamin E 400 i.u. ................................1333
Vitamin C 100 mg .................................167


Grapeseed Extract (85% Proanthocyanidins 100mg


Coenzyme b-complex & metabolic activators


B1 100 mg .........................................6667
B2 100 mg .........................................5882
B3 200 mg .........................................1000
B5 200 mg .........................................2000
B6 100 mg .........................................5000
Folic Acid 400 mcg ................................3333
Paba 25 mg ........................................*
Biotin 300 mcg.....................................100
Lipoc Acid 30 mg...................................*


Minerals (elemented values)


Calcium 500mg......................................50
Magnesium 500mg....................................125
Iron 25 mg.........................................139
Zinc 20mg..........................................133
Manganese 15 mg....................................750
Potassium 400 mg...................................13
Coper 500 mg......................................25
Chromium 200 mcg...................................167
Selenium 100 mcg...................................143


Liptropic Nutrients & Digestive Enzymes


Choline Bitartrate 200 mg............................*
Inositol 100 mg......................................*
Bromelain 100 mg.....................................*
Betaine HCL 100 mg...................................*
Papain 100 mg........................................*
Amylace 50,000 Units (SKB)...........................*
Protease 50,000 units (HUT)..........................*
Lipase 8,500 Units (LU)..............................*


Other ingredients: Dicalcium phosphate, silicon dioxide, nagnesium sterate


Vitamin side effects and overdose Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble based on how they are absorbed by the body. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble, while the water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins (thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin and folate.

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) are often stored in the body and can cause toxicity when ingested in excess. With the exception of vitamin B12, which is stored in the liver[13], water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body. All vitamins have documented side effects. Like side effects from drugs, vitamin side effects increase in severity with increasing dosage. At high enough dosages vitamins can cause extreme side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Unlike side effects caused by drugs, vitamin side effects rarely cause any permanent harm. When vitamin side effects emerge, full and rapid recovery is accomplished by reducing the supplement dosage. Furthermore, the concentrations of vitamins an individual can tolerate vary widely, and appear to be related to age and state of health. The young, the old, and the sick have been reported to have higher tolerances than healthy young adults.

The likelihood of consuming too much of any vitamin from food is remote, but overdosing from vitamin supplementation does occur. It is for this reason that physicians and scientists carefully review all the clinical data on supplement use in order to determine upper dosage thresholds for each vitamin that can be tolerated as a daily dose by the entire population without side effects. This dosage is known as the tolerable upper intake level (UL).

The supplement controversy Use of vitamin supplements is controversial. As the number of people who were taking vitamin supplements began to rise, a small group of physicians, specializing in the application of supplements, emerged. Many of these physicians categorize themselves as orthomolecular physicians, a term coined by two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. A number of orthomolecular physicians are also obstetricians or pediatricians, who prescribe preventative vitamin supplements during pregnancy and/or to treat childhood physical and nervous disorders. In addition, many orthomolecular physicians prescribe vitamin C supplements to combat common colds. At least 21 double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials involving a total of over 6000 participants have been conducted. These trials were reviewed in the 1990's. Reports from physicians have demonstrated that vitamin C may reduce the duration and severity (by 8 to 12%), but not the frequency of colds. On the other hand, some vitamin tablets, prescribed by orthomolecular physicians, contain levels of vitamins many times higher, and in different forms, than one might ingest through food.

Governmental regulation of vitamin supplements Most countries place dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of "foods," not drugs. This necessitates that the manufacturer, and not the government, be responsible for ensuring that its dietary supplement products are safe before they are marketed. Unlike drug products that must implicitly be proven safe and effective for their intended use before marketing, there are often no provisions to "approve" dietary supplements for safety or effectiveness before they reach the consumer. Also unlike drug products, manufacturers and distributors of dietary supplements are not generally required to report any claims of injuries or illnesses that may be related to the use of their products.[25] Some manufacturers of vitamin supplements claim that there are no side effects, and few, if any, provide warning labels. In reality, side effects have been reported for several types of supplements.

Names in current and previous nomenclatures The reason the set of vitamins seems to skip directly from E to the rarely-mentioned K is that the vitamins corresponding to "letters" F-J were either reclassified over time, were discarded as false leads, or were renamed because of their relationship to "vitamin B", which became a "complex" of vitamins. The following table lists chemicals that had previously been classified as vitamins, as well as the earlier names of vitamins that later became part of the B-complex.